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Basics of National Pension System

The National Pension Scheme (NPS) is a retirement solution that aims to help individuals plan for retirement and help accumulate wealth. Through regular contributions, users can get the provision of a monthly pension in later life. The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) governs NPS.

Who can open a National Pension System (NPS) account?

Any Indian citizen between the ages of 18 and 65 can open an NPS account.

However, NPS registration is compulsory for all Central Government employees who joined after 1^st January 2004. Armed forces are an exception.

How does it work?

The aim of the National Pension System (NPS) is to create a retirement fund. You need to accumulate funds when you are working so that you can use the funds after retirement. So, we can classify it into two parts: the accumulation period and the withdrawal phase.

When you are 60, you get to take 60% of the accumulated corpus as lumpsum. This sum of money is tax-free withdrawal. You need to purchase an annuity with the remaining 40% of the funds. The annuity will take care of the regular monthly payments. 

Categories of NPS

The National Pension System (NPS) offers two accounts for systematic and flexible investments: Tier 1 and Tier 2.

After you open an NPS account, you get Permanent Retirement Account Number (PRAN). The PRAN is required for fund management and making contributions.

Tier 1 NPS Account:

• Tier 1 account is the compulsory NPS account. The central government and state government employees, and other employees, have a Tier 1 account.  
• This account has a set lock-in period that lasts till 60 years.
• A minimum deposit of Rs. 500 is required to open this account. It only allows for a partial withdrawal under limited circumstances.
• Contributions to Tier 1 accounts are eligible for tax deductions under Sections 80CCD (1) and 80CCD (1B). This means that you can invest up to Rs. 2 lakh in an NPS Tier 1 account and get a tax deduction on the entire amount, i.e. Rs. 1.50 lakh under Sec 80CCD(1) and Rs. 50,000 under Sec 80CCD (1B). The employer’s contribution to the NPS, up to a certain extent, is deductible under section 80CCD(2) when calculating the employee’s total income.

Tier 2 NPS Account:

• If you want to open a Tier 2 account, you must first have a Tier 1 account.
• This is a voluntary NPS account that allows members to withdraw funds as needed.
• You can make a minimum deposit of Rs.250 to open the account.
• Contributions to the NPS Tier 2 account are not tax-deductible.

Investment Choices

When you invest in NPS, you have the option in various asset classes, like debt- corporate and government securities, equity and alternative investment funds. Depending on your risk tolerance and age, you get to invest in these different asset classes.

You have two investment options to invest in your NPS Account:

1. Active Choice
2. Auto Choice

Let’s understand each one of them.

What is Active Choice in NPS?

• You can choose the percentage allocation in asset classes.
• Equity, corporate debt, government securities, alternative investment funds, or AIF are the four asset classes available under the active option.

What is Auto Choice in NPS?

• Your investment is automatically distributed among different asset classes in a pre-defined percentage based on your age in auto choice.
• Depending on your risk tolerance, you can select an aggressive, moderate, or conservative option.

Here’s the asset break up under the different options of Auto choice:

Aggressive:The maximum equity exposure is capped at 75% for individuals up to the age of 35

Moderate : The maximum equity exposure is 50% for individuals up to the age of 35

Conservative : The maximum equity exposure is 25% for individuals with a maximum equity exposure of 50%.

Conclusion: National Pension System is an investment tool that aims to help you build a retirement fund. In this article, we have shared the basics of the National Pension System. Call us to know more about NPS.

This blog is purely for educational purpose and not to be treated as an personal advice. Mutual fund subject to market risks, Read all scheme related documents carefully.